Literature review: social exclusion

Low income, discrimination, relationship breakdown and crime or the fear of crime are just some of the factors behind disabled people being socially excluded. 

These and other issues are identified in this literature review, commissioned by the Ministry of Social Development, to help further develop and focus the Think Differently campaign which ran for five years until 2015.

The review, which was completed in November 2014, was carried out by Synergia Ltd.

Executive summary


Think Differently, led by the Ministry of Social Development, [was] a social change campaign that seeks to encourage and support a fundamental shift in attitudes and behaviours towards disabled people. It works across community and national level activities to:

  • Mobilise personal and community action
  • Change social attitudes and beliefs that lead to disabled people being excluded
  • Increase people’s knowledge and understanding of disability and the benefits of inclusive communities.

To support this work, Think Differently commissioned a review of the published and grey literature to understand the factors that cause disabled people to be socially excluded. The review is designed to inform the further development of the Think Differently Campaign.

This summary focuses on understanding social exclusion and its key drivers. The methods and a more detailed analysis of the key concepts are provided in the main body of this report. 

Download the report